Harrow



2 shams-45heet 1' NuMoaelJ Y ,J. M. GRISHAM.

HARROW- Patented Feb. 16, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE,

JAMES MADISON GRISIIAM, OF VHITNEY, TEXAS.

H A R R O W SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,060, dated February 16, 1892.

Application filed August 27, 1891. Serial No. 403.853'. (No model.)

.To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES MADISON GRISHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vhitney, in the county of Hill and State of Texas, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Harrows, of which the following is a specification.

I have improved the wheeled harrow in certain particulars of construction and of combination, whereby the labor of working and handling the harrow is made comparatively light, easy, and satisfactory under all conditions and kinds of ground.

In the accompanying drawingsI have shown my improved barrow in vcrticallongitudinal section in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows one of the harroW-sections in perspective. Fig. 3 is a top view of the harrow, and Fig. 4 is a sectional detail of the axle-bearing parts.

The wheeled partof the barrow consists of an axle, the wheels, the axle-hounds, and the tongue. A harrowsection is adjustably suspended in the rear of the axle 1 from the inner end ofeach hound 2, and these barrow-sections are independently connected to the axle by an intermediate coupling-bar 3. These barrow sections are constructed withoutframes .in a Way which I shallpresently describe. A seat 4 is mounted on the tongue 5 for the driver, so that he can slide it so as to bring his Weight forward of the axle to hold the harrow up in going to and returning from the field. The draft-bar o r doubletree 6 is hungin front of the axle, to the under sides of the axle-hounds, so that the draft of the team is on the axle and not on the harrow coupling-bar.

The barrow-sections are constructed as follows: A number of bars 7 are each provided with barrow-teeth, and from each end of eachV bar rises a firmly-secured iron bracket 8, having its upper end slotted crosswise ofthe bar. An iron bar 9 lies within the slot of each bracket and is pivoted to each to connect the bars and hold them in parallel relation. At one side only of each harrow section and Within the slotted brackets a bar 10 is pivoted above, parallel to, and separated from the bar 9, and this top bar has an upward stand ing semicircular rack 11, into which engage spring-connected pawls 12, which are pivoted to the upper end of a lever 13, which at its lower end is pivotally connected to the parallel bars 9 10, so that the movement of this lever in either direction will cause all the harrow-bar teeth to be turned toward the front or toward the rear or in vertical positions to suit the soil, to clear the harrow of trash, and to make the draft of the barrow light or heavy to snit the team. In any position they are held by the spring -ppawls 12 and rack 11, which serve to lock the lever and the parallel bars together. A loop 14 on the side of the rack holds the lever and its pawls in proper relation -to the rack. To relieve the pivots of the parallel bars 9 and 10 and lever lfrom the twisting strain caused by the draft on the barrow, I connect the barrow-bars by chains 15, preferably at the under sides of the bars, so that the force of the draft will be more directly on the bars and the chains and will therefore resist and modify the force ofthe draft on the pivots, on the brackets, and on the parallel bars. These chains may connect the toothed bars at their ends or at the middle of their length only.

A lever 16'is pivoted to a stud v17 on the rear end of each of the axle-hounds, and to the rear end of each lever is suspended a harroW-section by chains and rods18,which serve to hold the harrow-sections in proper relation to each other and to allow them to be raised and held up by the levers 16, which for this purpose are adapted to engage a vertical rack 19 on the axle-hounds. Each harroW-section is connected to the coupling-bar 3 by yokes and links 20, and the coupling-bar 3 is connected by a yoke and link 21 to a strong hanger-bar 22, which is secured to and depends from the axle, so that the barrow-sections are drawn directly from the axle, and will thereby be kept more evenly together, and is particularly advantageous in turning the harrow. This arrangement also allows the doubletree 6 to be placed above the plane of the harrow coupling-bar 3 to allow the pull to be directly on the shoulders of the team.

The-axle is made of Woodabout three by four inches and of a length sufficient to bring the Wheels outside of the harrows. The journals of the axles are formed of iron couplings 23, each made With a grooved end, into which tongues 24 of the axle fit and are bolted thereto, and this construction gives lightness and IOO durability to the axle. A cap on the outer ndE of the journal serves to exclude sand and The seat et can be made of comparatively stout iron rods formed with loops 26, which are titted on the tongue, so that the driver can slide the seat to bring his weight at the rear side of the axle in working; but in going to and returning from the field the seat is moved in advance of the axle, so that the weight of the driver will hold the tongue down and the harrow-sections up when raised by the levers. v

It will be observed that the lever-pawl device of each barrow-section stands vertically within convenient reach of the driver, so that he may set the harrow-teeth as he may desire, and he can also raise one or both of the harrow-sections to pass over obstructions.

'The arrangement of the parallel pivoted bars 9 10 with the barrow-teeth bars 7 and the mounting of the adjusting and locking device directly upon the parallel pivoted bars gives the advantage of compactness and dispenses with separate frames for each harrowsection. The spring-connected pawls form the handles for the adj listing-lever, while the parallel movement of the pivoted bars 9 10 as a means for adjusting and locking the set of the harrow-teeth is made durable by the chain connections 15 for the barrow-teeth bars, which, while giving freedom for the adward to clear them of rubbish and suit different soils by different adjustments of the teeth, and it is only the special provisions and novel combinations for obtaining such object which constitute myimprovements, as illustrated in the drawings and set out in the concluding claims.

Referring to the sliding seat and its relation to the axle and the harrows, it will be understood that when the driver has raised and suspended the harrows out of use in going to and from the eld the machine would be constantly liable to tilt backward and cause the barrow-sections to drag on the ground. To prevent this, I provide for sliding the seat forward on the tongue, so as to bring the weight of the driver a little in front of the axle, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and

thereby allow the driver to tilt the machine forward and thus raise and hold the already suspended harrows higher above the ground. In this action the tongue is supported on the breast-chains of the team, and thus hold the machine from tilting backward and dipping the harrows down, as would be the casein going overhilly and rough roads. This advantage can only be obtained when the harrows are raised and suspended by the levers and the seat moved forward, and the relation of these parts is such that the driver can raise and hold the 1narrows in suspended positions and then pull the seat forward of the axle to support the tongue on the breast-chains, and thereby raise and hold the harrows higher above the ground than they could be by the suspending-levers. As the harrowbars of each section have no frame connections, but are only pivotally connected by the top bars and the chains, I connect each barrow-section to its suspending] ever by three branch chains 18, one of the branches being shorter than the others, so as to support the pivotally-connected barrow-bars in level relation to each other when suspended.

Referring to the device for holding and adjusting the barrow-bars, the two spring-connected pawls 12 give the advantage of a double and strong engagement with the teeth of the rack 1l, and theyform the handles by which the short lever 13 is moved, so that the pawls or catches can be disengaged by merely grasping their handles and pressing them together, and the lever is then shifted by them.

I claiml. The combination, in aharrow,of the separate barrow-sections, the wheeled-axle part having the tongue and the hounds, the vertical racks on the hounds, the hand-levers pivoted on the hounds connected to said harrowsections, and a seat adapted to slide on the tongue between the barrow-sections, whereby when the barrow-sections are raised and suspended above the ground by said levers the.

consisting of the toothed bars, the pivotallyconnecting top bars 9 9, the suspending tribranched chains, and the bottom chains connecting said toothed bars, in combination with a device for adjusting'and lookin g said toothed bars, consisting of the pivotally-connecting bar 10, having the rack 1l, the vertical pivoted bar 13, the pawls pivoted to the upper end of the latter, the spring connecting said pawls, and the loop 14 for holding the pawls on the rack, as shown and described.

JAMES MADISON GRlSl-IAM.

Vitnesses:

NV. G. MCMIOHAEL, O. G. BowMAN.

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